Мағжан туралы

Arǵyn taıpasynyń Atyǵaı rýynyń Qudaıberdi tarmaǵynan shyqqan.
Atasy - Jumabaı qajy. Ákesi Beken saýdamen aınalysqan dáýletti adam bolǵan. Anasynyń esimi - Gúlsim. Maǵjan aýyl moldasynan saýatyn ashyp, 1905-1910 jyldary Qyzyljardaǵy (Petropavl) №1 meshit janynda belgili tatar ziıalysy, musylman halyqtarynyń azattyǵy jolynda kúresken M.Begishevtiń uıymdastyrýymen ashylǵan medresede oqydy. Medresede Begishevten Shyǵys halyqtarynyń tarihynan dáris aldy, qazaq, tatar ádebietterin, Firdoýsi, Saǵdi, Hafiz, Omar Haııam, Nizami, Naýai sekildi shyǵys aqyndarynyń dastandaryn oqyp úırendi.
Baspadan 1909 jyly shyqqan Abaı óleńderin oqyp, “Ataqty aqyn, sózi altyn hakim Abaıǵa” degen óleń jazdy. 1910-1913 jyldary Ýfa qalasyndaǵy “Ǵaliıa” medresesinde bilim aldy. Onda tatar jazýshysy Ǵ.Ibragimovten dáris alyp, belgili qaıratker S.Jantórinmen tyǵyz qarym-qatynas ornatady, bolashaq kórnekti jazýshy B.Maılinmen tanysady.
Ibragimovtiń kómegimen 1912 jyly Qazan qalasyndaǵy Kárimovter baspasynda “Sholpan” atty tuńǵysh óleńder jinaǵy basylyp shyǵady. “Sadaq” jýrnalyn shyǵarýǵa qatysady, oǵan óziniń óleńderin jariıalaıdy. 1913-1916 jyldary Omby muǵalimder seminariıasynda oqydy.
“Birlik” uıymy jumysyna belsene aralasyp, “Balapan” qoljazba jýrnalyn shyǵarýǵa qatysady. Á.Bókeıhan, A.Baıtursynuly, M.Dýlatuly sekildi alash qaıratkerlerimen baılanys ornatyp, Qazaq gazetine óz óleńderin jariıalaıdy.
1917 jyly Aqpan tóńkerisinen keıin qalyptasqan saıasi jaǵdaıǵa saı qoǵamdyq ómirge belsene aralasyp, Aqmola oblystyq qazaq sezin ótkizýdi uıymdastyrýshylardyń qatarynda boldy. Osy jyly sáýirde Aqmola oblysy qazaq komiteti quramyna saılandy. Máskeý qalasynda ótken Búkilreseılik musylman sezine qatysty. Birinshi jalpyqazaq seziniń sheshimi boıynsha Búkilreseılik Quryltaı jinalysyna depýtattyqqa kandidat retinde usynyldy.
“Alash” partiıasynyń Aqmola oblysynyń komitetiniń múshesi boldy. “Úsh júz” partiıasy ókilderiniń jalǵan aıyptaýymen bir aıǵa jýyq abaqtyǵa otyryp shyqty. Ekinshi jalpyqazaq sezine delegat retinde qatysyp, onda oqý máselesi boıynsha qurylǵan komissiıaǵa tóraǵalyq etti.
1918 - 1919 jyldary Petropavl ýezdik zemstvo basqarmasynda qyzmet etti. 1919 - 1923 jyldary Aqmola gýberniıalyq “Bostandyq týy” gazetinde, “Sholpan”, “Sana” jýrnaldarynda, “Aqjol” gazetinde qyzmet istep júrip, halyq aǵartý jumysyna belsene aralasady. Sol kezeńde qalyń qaýymǵa tanys poemasy “Batyr Baıandy” jazyp, jaryqqa shyǵarady.
1923-1927 jyldary Máskeýde Joǵary ádebiet-kórkemóner institýtynda oqidy. Onda orys ádebietin, Batys Eýropa ádebietin tereń zerttep, orys mádeniet qaıratkerlerimen jete tanysyp, kópshiligimen dostyq qarym-qatynasta bolady. Máskeýde oqyp júrgende onyń shyǵarmalary orynsyz synǵa ushyrady.
1924 jyly 24 qarashada Máskeý qalasyndaǵy Shyǵys eńbekshileri kommýnistik ýniversitetinde qazaq jastarynyń jerlestik uıymynda jinalys ótip, olar Maǵjannyń 1922 jyly qazanda, 1923 jyly Tashkentte basylyp shyqqan jyr jinaqtaryn talqyǵa saldy.
Onda aqyn shyǵarmalaryn teriske shyǵaratyn qaýly qabyldandy. Bul qaýly “Eńbekshi qazaq” gazetiniń 1925 jyly 14 aqpandaǵy sanynda basyldy. Orynsyz synnan kóńili jabyqqan aqyn “Sálem hat” degen óleń jazdy.
Ol “Tilshi” gazetinde jariıalandy. “Eńbekshi qazaq” gazetiniń 1924 jyly 19 jeltoqsanyndaǵy sanynda S.Muqanovtyń “Sálem hat jazǵan azamat Maǵjan Jumabaevqa” degen eskertpemen “Sálemge sálem” degen jaýap óleńi basyldy.
Jańa qurylysqa, jańa turmysqa qatysty naqtyly óleń jazbasa da, “ýralap aıqaılamadyń” degen kinámen, tap kúresine belsene aralasyp, kedeı sózin sóılemediń degen aıyppen M.Jumabaev qatań synǵa alyndy. Maǵjan 1927-1929 jyly Býrabaıda, odan soń Qyzyljarda oqytýshylyq qyzmetter atqarady.
1929 jyly M.Jumabaev “Alqa” atty jasyryn uıym qurǵany úshin degen aıyptaýlarmen Máskeýdegi Býtyrka túrmesine qamalyp, 10 jyl aıdaýǵa kesiledi. 1936 jyly M.Gorkiı men E.Peshkovanyń aralasýymen bostandyq alyp, Qazaqstanǵa qaıtady.
Petropavl qalasynda mektepte orys tili men ádebietinen sabaq beretin muǵalim bolyp jumys isteıdi. Kóp uzamaı qalalyq oqý isiniń meńgerýshisi ony saıasi sebepterge baılanysty degen aıyppen muǵalimdik qyzmetten bosatady. 1937 jyly naýryzda M.Jumabaev Almatyǵa keledi. Aýdarma isimen aınalysady. 1938 jyly qaıtadan qamaýǵa alynyp, 19 naýryzda atý jazasyna kesildi.

Maǵjan shyǵarmashylyǵy
Aqyn tuńǵysh óleńinen bastap áleýmettik taqyrypqa den qoıyp, aǵartýshylyq, ult-azattyq, demokratiıashyl baǵytty ustandy. Abaı poeziıasynyń óshpes mańyzyn birden tanyp, ony “hakim” dep atady, uly aqynnyń “myń jyl jutsa dámi ketpes” sózin jańa jaǵdaıda ilgeri damytty, Batys pen Shyǵystyń rýhani qazynasyn sabaqtastyrý negizinde qazaq poeziıasyn taqyryp, túr men mazmun jaǵynan baıytty. Jumabaıuly el ishindegi áleýmettik máselelerdi kóterdi (“Shyn sorly”), halqyn óner-bilimge shaqyrdy (“Lázzat qaıda?”, “Jazǵy tań”, “Óner-bilim qaıtse tabylar”, “Balalyq shaq”, “Qazaǵym”, “Qaraǵym”, “Osy kúngi kúı”, “Men sorly”).
Birqatar óleńderin mahabbat taqyrybyna arnady (“Jas kelin, “Zarly sulý”, “Súıgenime”, “Aldanǵan sulý”). Óz poeziıasynyń alǵashqy qadamdarynan bastap aqtyq demi bitkenge deıin M.Jumabaev ult-azattyq taqyrybyn úzbeı tolǵandy, ony óz poeziıasynyń ózegi etti. Búkil halyqty tap, topqa jiktemeı, Qazaq elin álemdik mádeni jetistikterge qol jetkizýge qandaı kúsh kedergi degen saýal qoıyp, oǵan basty kedergi - otarshyldyq degen sheshimge keldi.
Bastapqy kezde bul taqyryp týǵan jerdiń tabiǵatyn tamashalaýdan baryp qaıran jerdiń endigi kúni ne bolady degen ýaıym-qaıǵyǵa ulasady, aqyry kelip kindik qany tamǵan nýly, sýly ólkeni jaýlap jatqan qara shekpendi otarshyldyqqa qarsy narazylyq oty bolyp tutandy (“Týǵan jerim - Sasyqkól”). Aqyn halqymen birge kúızeldi, osydan kelip romantikalyq áýenge bólengen joryq ideıasy týdy (“Jaryma”, “Esimde... tek tań atsyn”, “Jaraly jan”, “Men jastarǵa senemin”, t.b.).
Maǵjan shyǵarmalaryndaǵy romantikalyq saryn, ásirese, onyń simvolistik arnada jazǵan óleńderinen aıqyn kórinedi. Aqyn simvolizmi bolashaq perdesin ashatyn jańa mifologiıa týǵyzdy, keleshek sýretin salý saıasatshylardyń emes, aqyndardyń qolynda degen senimge aınaldy (“Ot”, “Paıǵambar”, “Kúnshyǵys”, “Jaraly jan”, “Aıǵa”, t.b.). Aqyn dybys-býynnyń sony úndestikterin taýyp, qazaq jyryn baıyta tústi (“Sholpy”). Maǵjan poeziıasyndaǵy qunarly arnanyń biri - túrki taqyryby. Túrki halyqtarynyń birligi taqyryby M.Jumabaev poeziıasynyń áýelden qalyptasqan altyn arqaýy ispetti.
Aqyn dúnietanymyna Qyzyljardaǵy Begishev medresesinde oqýy kóp yqpal etti. Ol jas óren júregine túrikke degen baýyrmaldyq sezim týǵyzdy. “Sholpan” jinaǵyndaǵy “Oral taýy” óleńinde:

Qosylyp batyr túrik balalary,
Taptatpa, jolyn kesip tizginge oral,

- dep jazdy. Erekshe atap ótetin bir jáıt - Maǵjannyń túrik halqynyń shet el basqynshylaryna qarsy azattyq qozǵalysyna ún qosýy. Munda realistik, romantikalyq saryndar bir-birimen astasyp, birge órilip otyrady.
Túrik taqyryby qazaq halqynyń ult-azattyq taqyrybyna ulasyp, otarshyldyqqa qarsy kúreske alyp keldi (“Oral taýy”, “Alystaǵy baýyryma”, “Jer júzinde”, “Qazaq tili”, “Tez baram!”, “Túrkistan”, “Oral”). Sondaı-aq, Maǵjannyń “Paıǵambar” óleńinde “Ǵun - túriktiń arǵy atasy” dese, “Túrkistan” atty óleńinde “Túrkistan - er túriktiń besigi ǵoı” dep asqaq rýhpen jyrlady.
túrikshildik sezimi 1919 - 1923 jyly Mustafa Kemal Atatúrik bastaǵan túrik halqynyń azattyq soǵysyna arnalǵan “Alystaǵy baýyryma” atty óleńinde aıryqsha baıqalady. Onyń bul óleńin Mustafa Shoqaı “Iash Túrkistan” jýrnalynda (1930, №1) jariıalaı otyryp, ony túrikshildik kúresi úshin eń qymbatty jáne eń paıdaly óleń dep baǵalady.

Maǵjantaný ǵylymy
Maǵjan - filosof aqyn. Aqynnyń filosofiıalyq kózqarasy óz óleńderinde jaqsylyq pen jamandyq, ádildik pen ádiletsizdik tárizdi qarama-qaıshylyqty filosofiıalyq uǵymdardy sheber shendestire bilýinen baıqalady. Ol dúnieni birtutas qubylys retinde alyp, adamdy sol uly tabiǵat, jaratylystyń bir týyndysy, bólshegi retinde sýretteıdi. Tabiǵatsyz, jaratylyssyz adam joq. Al tabiǵat adamsyz da kún kóre beredi. Biraq sana oǵan baǵynbaıdy, dene baǵynsa da sezim baǵynbaıdy. Sondyqtan ol bulqynady, serpinedi, ústem bolǵysy keledi (“Ot”).
Qubylystyń mánin keń kólemde, jalpyǵa birdeı qalypta tani bilýde aqyn, eń aldymen, neniń bolsa da mán-mazmunyna úńiledi, árdaıym jalpy adamzatqa tán áýenge boı urady, tabiǵattyń óz zańyna ǵana baǵynatyn qubylystardyń ishki qupiıa astaryn uǵynǵysy keledi. Jumabaıulynyń oıynsha aqyn degen boljap bilmes jolǵa sapar shekken pir, keıde jyn, keıde bala, sol saparda ol qiyndyqty qaıyspaı kóteretin, ne dúnieni tárk etip, bárinen bezinetin jan (“Qiıal quly men bir aqyn”). Aqyn “Qorqyt” poemasynda filosofiıadaǵy máńgilik taqyryp - ómir men ólim máselesin Qorqyt pen ajaldyń ańdysýy túrinde sýretteıdi. Ajal - haq, sondyqtan da ómir jibiniń túıininde ólimdi bolmaı qoımaıtyn ómir aqiqaty retinde qabyldaý qajet dep sanaıdy ol.

Maǵjan poeziıasy
Maǵjan qazaq lirikasynyń syrshyldyǵyn tereńdetti, adamnyń názik sezimderine til bitire bildi. Bul qasiet onyń, ásirese, mahabbat lirikasyna tán (“Súı, jan sáýlem”, t.b.). M.Jumabaev - álemdik poeziıada ekologiıalyq taqyrypty alǵash jyrlaýshylardyń biri (“Aıda atyńdy, Sársembaı”, “Shoıyn jol”). Ol tehikalyq progreske qarsy bolǵan joq, onyń ulttyq-mádeni, rýhani dástúrlerdi buzýyna qarsy edi. Tehnika jetistikterin qyzyǵa jyrlaı otyryp, týǵan jerdiń ásem tabiǵatynan aıyrylyp qalmaýǵa úndedi.
Maǵjan poemalary
Maǵjan qazaq poemasynyń baıandaý stilin, sheshendik mánerin ózgertý qajet ekendigin alǵash aıtqandardyń biri boldy. Qazaq poemasyn sýretkerlik arnaǵa burdy. Adam janynyń, psihologiıa áleminiń qupiıa syrlaryn, iirimderin, damý dialektikasyn sheberlikpen kestelep órnekteı bildi. M.Jumabaev poemalaryna lirikalyq tereńdik pen epikalyq keń qulashtylyq birdeı tán.
Jeke adam men ult taǵdyryn dram. sıу́jette úılestirip, kórkemdik zor qýatpen jyrlaı bildi (“Batyr Baıan”, “Oqjetpestiń qiıasynda”, “Qoılybaıdyń qobyzy”, “Ótirik ertegi”, “Shyn ertegi”).
Aqyn shyǵarmashylyǵynyń úlken bir arnasy - halyqqa bilim berý, pedagogika salasy. Mektep oqýshylaryna, muǵalimderge arnap “Pedagogika” (1922, 1923), “Bastaýysh mektepte ana tilin oqytý jóni” (1925) eńbekterin jariıalady. Aqan seri, Bazar jyraý, Ábýbákir Divaev týraly zertteý eńbekter jazyp, aýyz ádebieti úlgilerin jinaýǵa járdemdesti.

Maǵjan pýblitsistikasy
Maǵjan aýdarma salasyna úlken mán berdi. I.Gete, G.Geıne, Ábý Firas, A.V. Koltsov, M.Iу́. Lermontov, A.A. Fet, I.I. Dmitriev, I.P. Mıatlov, A.A. Blok óleńderin, A.M. Gorkiı, V.V. Ivanov, D.N. Mamin-Sibirıak, t.b. áńgimelerin qazaq tiline aýdardy. Tańdaýly prozalyq shyǵarmalar aýdarýmen qosa M.Jumabaev “Sholpannyń kúnási” áńgimesi arqyly qazaq ádebietine psihologiıalyq taldaý, sana aǵymy ádisterin engizdi.